This paper focuses on the central question: How do governance reforms happen (or not happen) in “fragile” or post-conflict societies? In trying to answer this key question, it hopes (a) to understand the factors affecting governance reforms in “fragile” or post-conflict societies, (b) to put forward a synthesizing framework that will reconcile governance reform efforts with the peace process, and (c) to offer recommendations for a more effective and appropriate governance reforms in “fragile” or post-conflict situations.